A Step-by-Step Guide in Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions for Elementary Students
Fractions are foundational concepts in mathematics, and mastering them is crucial for success in higher-level math. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to learning and understanding elementary fractions, making them less daunting and more enjoyable.
Understanding What Fractions Represent
A fraction refers to a part of a whole. Imagine a pizza cut into 8 slices. If you eat 3 slices, you have consumed 3 out of 8 parts, which can be written as the fraction 3/8.
Parts of a Fraction:
Numerator: The top number (3 in the example) represents the number of parts you have.
Denominator: The bottom number (8 in the example) represents the total number of parts in the whole.
Types of Fractions
Unit Fraction:
The numerator is always 1.
Examples: ¼ , ⅕ , ⅛ …
Proper Fraction
The numerator is smaller than the denominator
Examples: , , , …
Improper Fraction
The numerator is the same or bigger than the denominator.
Examples: , , , …
Mixed Number
When there is a whole number and a fraction as one number, it is a mixed number.
Take a look at the fraction below.
Visualizing Fractions
Using Models:
Fraction Bars: Divide a rectangle or bar into equal parts and shade the parts representing the fraction. For example, for , shade 3 out of 8 equal parts of the bar.
Circles: Divide a circle into equal sectors and shade the sectors representing the fraction.
Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions
Like Fractions:
Like fractions are fractions that have the same denominator. When adding or subtracting like fractions, simply add or subtract the numerators while keeping the denominator unchanged. For example, + = .
Now, let’s take a look at how we can subtract like fractions.
Suppose Bran had a chocolate bar and ate 3 squares of the bar.
Bran has of the chocolate bar left.
Again, when you subtract two like fractions, you simply subtract the numerator and keep the denominator unchanged.
Let’s dig a bit deeper! How do we add or subtract mixed numbers?
Let’s take a look at the addition of two mixed numbers below.
Now, let’s take a look at the subtraction of two mixed numbers below.
Practice Makes Perfect!
- Solve practice problems regularly to solidify your understanding of fractions.
- Use online resources, games, and apps to make learning more engaging.
- Feel free to seek assistance from teachers, tutors, or classmates without hesitation.
By following these steps and consistently practicing, you can master elementary fractions and build a strong foundation for future mathematical learning. Remember, patience, perseverance, and a positive attitude are key!
Need help with elementary Math? Reach out to the PALS Learning Center today!